International Finance Corporation Free Essays

Financing the Mozal Project Executive rundown We have surveyed the different dangers engaged with the Mozal venture. The development chance, working danger and financing hazard are moderately little however the political hazard is exceptionally high. Crawling seizure and good danger are reasonable dangers to the undertaking. We will compose a custom paper test on Worldwide Finance Corporation or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The high sovereign hazard is reflected in the obstacle rate. The obstacle rate adds up to an a lot higher incentive than the inward pace of return. In this manner, it isn't practical for the supporters to attempt the proposed interest in the task. Concerning financing hole of $250m; interest of the IFC is quintessential as business investors will not give subsidizing without its association. IFC inclusion could be exceptionally gainful for the undertaking however the IFC’s board ought not proceed with the suggested speculation of $120m as the high sovereign hazard doesn't legitimize making the IFC’s biggest venture yet. Synopsis of realities The Mozal venture, a $1. 4b aluminum smelter in Mozambique, is a joint endeavor between Alusaf, the aluminum auxiliary of the Gencor gathering, and the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) of South-Africa, a legislature possessed advancement bank. Mozambique is probably the most unfortunate nation on the planet and as of late rose up out of a 17-year common war that had obliterated the country’s foundation. The two gatherings would each claim 25% of Mozal by a value venture of $125m. Responsibility for residual value stake of $250m is still to be resolved. To have the option to draw in extra subsidizing, the backers require expected to include the International Finance Corporation (IFC), an individual from the World Bank Group. The IFC has a decent notoriety and strong involvement with organizing bargains in developing markets. The IFC board has gotten a suggestion by its group to take an interest in the task with a $55m senior obligation and $65m subjected obligation venture. http://www. slideshare. net/prafful16/financing-the-mozal-venture http://www. scribd. com/doc/105379331/The-Mozal-Project | Financing the Mozal Project Benjamin Esty Harvard Business School †Finance Unit February 18, 2000 Case No. : 200-005; Teaching Note: 5-200-025 Abstract: SUBJECT AREAS: venture fund, developing markets, sovereign hazard, valuation investigation, Africa, International Finance Corporation, multi-sidelong organization CASE SETTING: June 1997, Mozambique, aluminum smelter, $1. billion venture, $700 million income, 750 representatives In June 1997, an undertaking group from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) was suggesting that the board favor a $120 million interest in the Mozal venture, a $1. 4 billion aluminum smelter in Mozambique. Four variables made this suggestion disputable. To start with, it would be the IFC’s biggest interest on the planet and by a wide margin its biggest interest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, the venture was tremendous by Mozambican standardsâ€it was very little littler than the country’s 1996 gross household venture (GDP). Third, Mozambique was a poor nation at that point (per capita GDP of $90) and had as of late rose up out of 20 years of common war. Fourth, numerous parts of the arrangement stay dubious, for example, who would give a large portion of the value expected to back the undertaking. Regardless of these worries, the patrons, Alusaf (the aluminum auxiliary of the South African minerals organization, Gencor) and Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (IDC is an advancement bank), need to structure a constrained response arrangement to fund the smelter; it will be non-plan of action to the supporters after culmination. Business financiers have would not partake except if the International Finance Corporation engages in the arrangement thus the patrons have moved toward the IFC about cooperation. In the wake of looking into the project’s business practicality and advancement sway, the IFC group is suggesting the speculation. The load up must choose whether it is the ideal time and the correct task to make such an enormous speculation. The case has four academic destinations. ) It presents an extraordinary case of political hazard in a creating nation setting and shows how associations like Institutional Investor, the Economist Intelligence Unit, and The PRS Group endeavor to break down it for imminent financial specialists. 2) It shows the cutting edge type of political hazard the board through undertaking choice, organizing, and protection, and stands out this methodology from the more seasoned, monetary style of political hazard the board whereby supports just expanded obstacle rates to guarantee adequate venture returns. ) It features the different jobs multilateral improvement organizations, when all is said in done, and the IFC, specifically, can play in financing significant undertakings. 4) It investigates IFC’s inclusion in assessing, organizing, checking, and financing ventures, and shows how these exercises make an incentive by settling exorbitant market flaws including data, trouble, organization, and exchanges costs. It additionally investigates the IFC’s execution in these different exercises. Given these goals, the case is suitable for business/government, procedure, worldwide business, and fund courses. Case and Teaching Paper Series Step by step instructions to refer to International Finance Corporation, Papers

Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary illness or CHD is a narrowing of the little blood vassals that gracefully the heart with blood and oxygen. The ailment creates when a mix of greasy material, calcium, and scar tissue or plaque, develops in the veins that gracefully the heart with blood. This eases back the blood stream and causes chest torment. Men in their 40s have a higher danger of CHD than ladies. However, as ladies get more established, their hazard increments so it is practically equivalent to a man's hazard. Elements that put you at a higher danger of creating CHD are, diabetes, hypertension, â€Å"bad† cholesterol, not getting enough physical movement or exercise, stoutness, and smoking. Kids with guardians who have coronary illness are bound to create it themselves. African Americans have more extreme hypertension than Caucasians and a higher danger of creating CHD. Hazard is additionally higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, local Hawaiians and some Asian Americans. This is mostly because of higher paces of stoutness and diabetes. Men have a more serious danger of coronary episode than ladies do, and they have assaults prior throughout everyday life. Considerably after menopause, when ladies' demise rate from CHD expands, it's not as incredible as men's. More than 83 percent of individuals who bite the dust of coronary illness are 65 or more seasoned. At more established ages, ladies who have coronary episodes are more probable than men are to bite the dust from them inside half a month. Treatment relies upon your side effects and how extreme the infection is. There are three fundamental sorts of treatment for Coronary Heart Disease: way of life, medicine, and, for cutting edge atherosclerosis, unique systems. The initial two sorts of treatment additionally can help forestall the advancement of Coronary Heart Disease. The Lifestyle treatment has 6 principle steps to assist you with forestalling or control CHD. They are, quit smoking cigarettes, lower hypertension, diminish high blood cholesterol, lose additional weight, become genuinely dynamic, and oversee diabetes. These are for the most part thing you can do at home in your day by day life. Next is Medication, notwithstanding making way of life changes, meds might be expected to forestall or control Coronary Heart Disease. For example, prescriptions might be utilized to control a hazard factor, for example, hypertension or high blood cholesterol thus help forestall the advancement of CHD. Or on the other hand, drug might be utilized to assuage the chest agony of CHD. What's more, unique techniques are for cutting edge atherosclerosis may require an uncommon system to open a conduit and improve blood stream. This is generally done to ease extreme chest torment, or to clear major or different blockages in veins. Coronary illness is high hazard for Americans and is forestalled by a decent eating regimen and heathly living. There is no solution for CHD, just medicines for the side effects.

Human Resources Management in Health Care Assignment - 2

HR Management in Health Care - Assignment Example As indicated by Exhibit 3 this outcomes to ADR of around $340, and the soonest this can be accomplished is March to June, most likely during May. There are numerous reasons why I don't suggest redesiging the preparation procedure. To start with, the 7-day commencement is a Ritz-Carlton convention that has been demonstrated through time to set up its new workers to turn into a glad piece of the well known inn network. Truth be told, there have been no reports that the lodging network have shoddy workers. Second, there are numerous different approaches to expand inhabitance, for example, giving bundles to occasions members, making a dedication card for visit visitors, expanding promoting, and so forth. Human asset is a vital piece of administration business. This makes testing increasingly troublesome, on the grounds that in addition to the fact that it should be chivalrous of the customers’ bliss, yet additionally of the employees’ government assistance. Dissimilar to machines that lone need capacity to drive it, stewards, directors, and other staff need more than food and apparel, they additionally need professional stability, feeling of accomplishment, and great work

Esf Function #8

Official Summary Introduction to Emergency Management Taylor Carl Mr. Jonathon Johnson October 12, 2012 The Emergency Support Function #8 (ESF #8) from FEMA subtleties bolster administrations identified with general wellbeing and clinical administrations. The essential office in charge of ESF #8 is the Department of Health and Human Services.They are answerable for giving help during â€Å"a general wellbeing and clinical debacle, potential or genuine occurrence requiring an organized Federal reaction, and additionally during a creating potential wellbeing and clinical emergency†, (2008, FEMA, p. 1). Help for clinical requirements covers mental and social wellbeing as wells as substance abuse.Assistance is given in the accompanying center capacity regions under ESF #8: appraisal of general wellbeing/clinical necessities, wellbeing reconnaissance, clinical consideration faculty, wellbeing/clinical/veterinary hardware and supplies, tolerant departure, quiet consideration, wellbe ing and security of medications, biologics, and clinical gadgets, blood and blood items, sanitation and security, agribusiness wellbeing and security, all-peril general wellbeing and clinical counsel, specialized help and backing, conduct medicinal services, general wellbeing and clinical data, vector control, consumable water/wastewater and strong waste removal, mass casualty the board, casualty recognizable proof, and purifying remains, and veterinary clinical help (2008, FEMA, p. 1-2). Every Federal reaction are dealt with by the Secretary of Health and Human Services through the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR).The Secretary is likewise accountable for the advantages during a general wellbeing crisis with special case of the individual from the Armed Forces. They are answerable for planning all readiness, reaction, and recuperation activities predictable with every single interior arrangement and methods of the Department of Health and Human Services. When bolster organizations get directions from the Secretary, they are answerable for controlling their assets. The Emergency Management Group (EMG) is answerable for taking care of the ESF #8 reaction for the ASPR and must stay in steady contact with the National Operations Center (NOC). All associations engaged with reaction tasks must report general wellbeing and clinical necessities to their fitting representative.These delegates are positioned in the National Response Coordination Center (NRCC), the Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC), and the Joint Field Office (JFO). A â€Å"Joint Information Center (JIC) will be built up to facilitate episode related open information†, (2008, FEMA, p. 2). The JIC can discharge data to people in general with respect to general clinical and general wellbeing reaction. For people group issues, a perceived representative will give interchanges whenever the situation allows. Ought to there be a zoonotic infection flare- up, ESF #8 must arrange with ESF #11 (Agriculture and Natural Resources). Open data might be discharged after meeting with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).During an oil, concoction, organic, or radiological ecological pollution, ESF #8 must facilitate with ESF #10 (Oil and Hazardous Materials) to discharge data. At the point when activity is required, the ASPR cautions HHS faculty. The ASPR may likewise demand work force for contact correspondences at the HHS Headquarters order areas. The ESF #8 staff positioned in the RRCC and JFO â€Å"will lead a hazard investigation, assess, and decide the ability required to meet the mission objective and give required general wellbeing and clinical support† help to the fitting gatherings (2008, FEMA, p. 3). During beginning enactment, HHS will arrange phone calls with supporting offices to talk about and decide reaction actions.During the evaluation procedure, HHS working with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), assembles and conveys ESF #8 staff. During observation, HHS screens general wellbeing utilizing field studies and examinations, screens ailment examples and potential flare-ups, performs blood and blood item cautiousness alongside checking blood gracefully levels, and gives specialized help and counsel on sickness avoidance. Quick clinical reactions are taken care of by HHS’s inward resources. While most hardware and supplies are sent from the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Veterans Affairs (VA) may likewise give them to medicinal services offices in a debacle area.Should there be a need a veterinary supplies, resources might be mentioned from the National Veterinary Stockpile (2008, FEMA, p. 4-5). During a crisis circumstance, ESF #8 is accused of moving those genuinely sick or harmed patients, and clinical needs populace to assigned territories. They may demand the help of the DOD, VA, or FEMA. At the point when patients are not really in a hazardous situation yet at the same time need departure support, ESF #8 gives work force to clinical administrations through common assistance staff, US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, provincial workplaces, and States. ESF #8 must guarantee wellbeing and security of medications, biologics, and clinical devices.Biologics, including blood, blood items, organs, and immunizations, must be observed to guarantee accessibility and wellbeing. Governmentally managed nourishments must meet wellbeing and security prerequisites observed by ESF #8 and ESF #11. This authority is reached out to all residential and imported nourishments aside from meat, poultry, and egg items. Also, ESF #8 and ESF #11 must guarantee the wellbeing and security of food-creating animals(2008, FEMA, p. 5-6). Laborer Safety and Health is driven by the Department of Labor (DOL). ESF #8/HHS acts a help office. ESF #8 may require help from provincial workplaces in â€Å"assessing general wellbeing, clinical, and veterinary clinical impacts coming about because of all hazards†, (2008, FEMA, p. 6).This may remember appraisals for the overall population and high-chance populace gatherings, field examinations, giving counsel on human and creature exposures, exhortation on circuitous exposures, for example, food, water, and medication tainting, and â€Å"providing specialized help and conference on clinical treatment, screening, and sterilization of harmed or defiled individuals†, (2008, FEMA, p. 6). Social medicinal services is taken care of by ESF #8 and accomplice associations to survey emotional wellness and substance misuse needs. This may incorporate â€Å"emotional, mental, mental emergency treatment, social, or intellectual restrictions needing support or supervision†, (2008, FEMA, p. 7).ESF #8 gives general wellbeing, malady, and injury avoidance data to people in general in numerous dialects and arrangements for those with constrained English capability or lear ning handicaps. ESF #8 works with other accomplice associations to survey and handle vector-borne malady dangers. This incorporates research and examination, hardware and supplies, and giving specialized help and conference. ESF #8 aids consumable water, wastewater, and strong waste removal. This incorporates looking at defiled water for general wellbeing impacts. ESF #8 works with accomplice associations track and report human remains, incorporating decreasing perils related with defiled remains.They may set up transitory mortuary offices, decide the reason for death, gather after death data, utilize logical intends to recognize human remains, and give specialized help and discussion. They may demand help from accomplice associations to offer help to groups of casualties during the after death process (2008, FEMA, p. 7). ESF #8 works intimately with ESF #11 to offer veterinary clinical help. This may incorporate thinking about research creatures when ESF #11 doesn't have the aptitu de. They should secure the strength of domesticated animals and buddy administrations creatures by guaranteeing wellbeing of food and medications managed (2008, FEMA, p. 8). ESF #8 requires many help offices to be completely useful. The HHS works intimately with the USDA for faculty, supplies, and equipment.They additionally help with nourishment, flare-up control of creature ailment, and sanitation. The DOD performs numerous capacities for ESF #8. They offer help for understanding departure, strategic help to general wellbeing/clinical reaction tasks, work force for loss clearing, persistent gathering and following, staff for insurance of general wellbeing, crisis clinical help, overseeing humaning remains, assessment and hazard the board, and give blood items (2008, FEMA, p. 10-11). The DHS assists with ESF #8 by giving correspondence support, offering transportation support if important, giving danger expectations identifying with barometrical discharges, and upholding global qua rantines.FEMA helps with activation focuses, transport of assets, crisis food and water supplies, hardware and clinical supplies, and transportation of patients considered excessively sick or unequipped for general clearing (2008, FEMA, p. 12-13). The HHS must guarantee legitimate staffing to arrange endeavors for clinical help to an influenced territory. They should support and help State, inborn, and neighborhood networks in a crisis. Their essential obligations incorporate observing blood and blood supplies, shaping contacts for interchanges, planning understanding clearing, and working with the USDA to guarantee sanitation. REFERENCES Emergency Support Function #8 †Public Health and Medical Services Annex. Government Emergency Management Agency. Recovered from www. fema. gov/pdf/crisis/nrf/nrf-esf-08. pdf

The Grass Cutting Days

The Grass Cutting Days The pastor called me to come forward. I walked to the pulpit confident and proud. I looked out at my family. Some wore somber expressions. Others had faces still damp with tears. Then I gazed down at the shiny black coffin crowned with yellow flowers.My father, Charlie Lyons, was gone. It was my turn at his funeral earlier this year to pay tribute to the man who taught me so much growing up on the Northside. How do you sum up a lifetime in 10 minutes?I flashed to Dad holding the handlebar and jogging alongside my bike until I felt ready to ride on my own. I saw him pulling up to my broken-down car at night, doing a quick fix and trailing me home. I thought of the hug we shared at my wedding. Then, I started talking about a special moment I draw from now. Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our s alesman. He pitched our service to neighbors and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $10 per yard. Some yards were a half-acre. I later found out our friends were charging $20 or more for the same amount of work.Every time we headed out to mow lawns, Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the sticky Florida heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink.One day we were cutting our next-door neighbors yard. She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower that kept cutting off as we plowed through her backyard jungle. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I pictured the tall glass of Kool-Aid I would gulp in a minute to cool down.I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one lone blade. I thought about the chump change I was getting paid for cut ting grass so high it almost broke the mower. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me out and yelled, You missed a piece.I frowned, hoping he would let me slide and go home. He kept pointing. So beat and deflated, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I mumbled to myself: That one piece isnt hurting anyone. Why wont he just let it go?But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message: When youre running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with integrity, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done.Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon garnered more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five, which was all we cared to handle because we wanted time to enjoy our summer break from school.The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: Be professional. If you say you are going to perform a job at a certain t ime, keep your word. Give your customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how much pride you take in your work.Before I knew it, my tribute was over. I saw my wife jump to her feet in an ovation. The pastor embraced me. People rushed to shake my hand. Though Dads body lay inside the coffin, I felt his spirit there. I pictured him standing in the sanctuary, wearing the white T-shirt and blue shorts he did on grass-cutting days. Always there for me and always proud.By Patrick A. Lyons

Begin Reading and Writing with a Pal IEW’s Primary Arts of Language

   Do you have a new or struggling reader in your home? If so, find direction and encouragement in our June 26 webinar with Jill Pike, author of Primary Arts of Language (PAL). Jill’s experiences teaching her own children, some of whom have dyslexia, to read and write helped her design the curriculum, which is based on Anna Ingham’s award-winning program, the Blended Sound-Sight Program of Learning. A highly engaging multi-sensory program, PAL is a first step towards building solid reading, writing, and grammar skills. The program utilizes many different types of activities to engage your child’s senses and build his language arts skills. Reading and Writing are packaged separately so that you can buy just what you need. Primary Arts of Language: Reading is a perfect place to begin when you have a brand-new or reluctant reader. It begins by laying a strong foundation with phonics and sight words by utilizing poetry, journaling, phonics instruction, and printing/composition. Learning continues as the student eventually moves into the second stage, called â€Å"Activity Time.† This is an opportunity for him to practice and reinforce what he learned in the beginning. During this stage, children will enjoy reading the PAL readers, which are comprised of controlled text, allowing them to read books filled with words they have previously learned. The third stage of the PAL Reading curriculum is called â€Å"Discovery,† where students will begin to put all of the phonics rules learned earlier to good use as they spend time working through the various Discovery card packs. All three of these stages lead to the final, most exciting stage, â€Å"The Library,† where students are ready to be gin reading books from the library that match their reading level. The companion curriculum, Primary Arts of Language: Writing, is perfectly paired to work with the reading curriculum, but it can also be used independently if you have a child who can already read but is not yet ready for Bible Heroes or People and Places in Our Community. An all-inclusive writing curriculum, it initially teaches the non-writing student how to construct letters and numbers. The next section introduces copy work and spelling. Using a multi-sensory approach, All About Spelling strengthens and reinforces the child’s grasp of phonics. In the final section, once handwriting is solid and spelling is progressing, students will begin to use IEW’s Structure and Styleâ„ ¢ writing method as they write their own compositions utilizing Units 1, 2, 3, and 7. Check out these testimonials and read how other parents have enjoyed using Primary Arts of Language. "My 8-year-old needed remedial reading help—she could not distinguish the short vowel sounds. After only one week of PAL, she could. She loves the games, especially feeding Muggs. We started by doing 5 lessons in the writing book, then did 5 lessons in the reading book, and then started doing both books every day." – Lynne "'Mommy! I can read!’ Can I just tell you I almost cried? She is almost 8, with learning issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Michelle â€Å"I was already in love with IEW after starting the Bible Heroes theme study with my first grader, but yesterday I started PAL with my preschooler. She couldn't get enough! It was so fun for her! She immediately asked to do more and woke up this morning requesting her homeschool. I am also in Lesson 20 with my first grader, who drew three pictures yesterday, one for each part of the Story Sequence Chart, and came to tell me her story orally. This was in her free time. I will be using IEW for all of my kids forever. These programs are so perfectly designed with solid content presented in reinforcing and engaging ways. Thank you!!† – Karen "We used this program. It was VERY good. My then six-year-old ended up being almost as good a reader and speller as his nine-year-old brother." – Crystal In addition to the upcoming free webinar on June 26 at 7:30 PM CST, check out this podcast, â€Å"Pal-ling Around with Jill Pike,† where Jill Pike and Andrew Pudewa discuss the PAL curriculum in more detail, including how it came into being. PAL truly is a wonderful way to introduce your child to reading and writing!

New York, Los Angeles And Chicago - 3008 Words

Name: Course: Date: My Home Town Although USA has many different cities, in this discussion, we will be limited to three Cities i.e. New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. In the 3 cities we shall broadly discuss the growing up experience in each of the 3 states, strategic features and their staple foods. Finally, the New South Wales in Australia and London in UK would also be looked at. Lenape, an Algonquin who were hunters, fishers and farmers were the first natives of New York. As a result when you meet people from New York interrogate them immediately on where exact they lived on to see if they really mean it (Siegal, Allan and William 98). Childhood in New York city was characterized by: First, going to school that actually had racial diversity, learning how to ride the subways and catch up public buses at a very tender age, having friends from all socioeconomic backgrounds, when you watched movies filmed in New York, you could almost always recognize where they are so easily, begging your pare nts to let you take gymnastics and ice skating lessons at Chelsea Piers, tasting every kind of cuisine out there ( from Ethiopian to Greek-Japanese-Spanish fusion), Facebook albums from high school which often featured the backdrop of the Union Square, high schools full of metal detectors and many security guards, knowing the Grand Prospect Hall , and knowing what the owners look like, knowing who Doctor Zizmor is and that it’s worth your time to queue at Gray’s Papaya andShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between White And White Populations1263 Words   |  6 PagesAs the three largest cities in the United States, New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago are also epicenters of precipitous segregation. Even with the passage of federal law to curtail segregation and promote more integrated communities, conditions have only improved minimally – if at all – between 1980 and 2000. In New York, the indices of dissimilarity between different races have remained constant over this time period. Between white and black populations, for example, the index of dissimilarityRead MoreHow A Feud Is Defined By A Protracted Mutual Hostility Between Two Parties1524 Words   |  7 Pages A feud is defined by a prolonged mutual hostility between two parties. A current example of this is ongoing feud between Mayor Bill Deblasio and Governor Andrew Cuomo. However this surely wouldn’t be the first time the mayor of New York City and the Governor of New York State have not seen eye to eye. Throughout the years there has been a long history of tension between our local and state representatives of which I shall further elaborate on. From as early on as 1914, there has been tension betweenRead MoreTaking a Look at Gang Violence1075 Words   |  4 Pagesfor these four basic needs. During the 1950s to the 1970s, gangs grew greatly in the four regions of the United States, the East, Midwest, West, and South although the South did not have serious gang problems at this time. In the East, primarily New Your City, in the 1950s, there was a mass migration of Southern African-Americans looking for better jobs. When these people came north, tensions rose (even more) between the African-Americans and whites. White groups formed and violently tried to stopRead MoreThe Correlation between Crime and Poverty Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesStudies have found higher homicide rates in areas with a greater degree of economic inequality and have found it to be a more significant component than poverty. Cities with higher rates of economic inequality are compared to those with less. New York and Los Angeles have wider gaps between the rich and poor than cities in less prosperous parts of the country like the Deep South. Relative deprivation is more psychological. It is the concept that there is a distinction between the quality of life ofRead MoreRobert Nixon was an African-American serial killer who confessed to five murders and multiple700 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Nixon was an African-American serial killer who confessed to five murders and multiple assaults in Chicago and Los Angeles from 1936 to 1938. He was born on June 16, 1919, in the small town Tallulah, Louisiana. The press gave Nixon the nickname Brick Moron† after he confessed to the â€Å"brick bat murders† (Arney). Edna Worden, her 12-year-old daughter, Rose Valdez, Elizabeth Rice, and Zoe Damrell were a few of his many victims. After Nixon was arrested, he was sentenced to death and electrocutedRead MoreStreet Gangs : Americas Growing Problem1056 Words   |  5 PagesNortheast, Midwest, and Western Regions. New York, Chicago and Los Angeles, were the three major cities affected by gangs. Of the many factors that con tributed to the emergence of street gangs in New York City, there were three in particular: (1) Social disorganization in slum areas, (2) the establishment of green grocery stores, and (3) the involvement of politicians in street gangs. The isolation and marginalization of early immigrants in the rapidly growing New York City may have prompted them to establishRead MoreNeighborhood Stroll Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesNeighborhood Stroll of Fairfax, Los Angeles The Fairfax District in Los Angeles is a neighborhood with a rich history and mixed culture of old and new. It is deeply rooted in Judaica culture, as apparent along the streets lined with Jewish delis, bakeries, grocery stores, and synagogues. Though in recent decades Fairfax has become an urban playground for younger generations, it still carries the essence of traditional Jewish lifestyle. Here is where decades-old Israeli restaurants sit next to streetwearRead MoreThe Future Of The American City Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican city. One of the most important concepts to understand about cities and neighborhoods is that they are ever changing. Economics and demographic trends tend to shift dramatically over the decades. In coastal cities, such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, and Washington, DC, as well as many Sunbelt cities this has led to the rapid gentrification of poor urban communities. Other cities throughout the nation s interior also experience gentrification, but typically at a slower rate. WhileRead MoreNative American Mascots Should be Banned1253 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical or economic impact. (Wright, 5) Women, on the other hand, represent more than fifty percent of the population, and they have learned how to flex their political and economic strength. For example, in 1986 Hornell Brewing Company introduced a new malt liquor called â€Å"Midnight Dragon.† Promotional posters featured a woman in a red dress, stockings, and a garter sipping the brew through a straw. The caption rea d: â€Å"I could suck this all night† This crude depiction of women drew complaints from women’sRead MoreBASKETBALL (Wee chuan): Introduction Played indoors/outdoors by two opposing teams of five900 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional basketball league in the world.The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3, 1949, after absorbing the rival National Basketball League(NBL). (Lemuel):Teams in the NBA league. Eastern Conference -Boston Celtics,Brooklyn Nets,New York Knicks,Philadelphia 76ers,Toronto Raptors. Central Conference-Chicago Bulls,Cleveland Cavaliers,Detroit Pistons,Indiana Pacers,Milwaukee

Elizabeth Vigee LeBrun

American Actions During The First Seminole War - 842 Words

Throughout its history, the United States has claimed to be a democracy that fights for freedom for all. Americans have opposed imperialistic states and have fought against empires. However, based on specific definitions of imperialism, U.S. leaders have been guilty of fighting multiple wars to build their empire, even if their explicit reasons for doing so suggest otherwise. Examples of these imperialistic trends include American actions during the First Seminole War, the Mexican-American War, and the annexation of the Philippines. According to historian Tony Smith, imperialism is defined as â€Å"the effective domination by a relatively strong state over a weaker people whom it does not control as it does its home population, or the effort to secure such domination.† Further, â€Å"the dominant power assumes sovereignty over the subject people in the form of annexation, colonialism, or an avowed protectorate.† By this definition, the U.S. is an empire. Evidence of t his imperial nature exists as far back as 1816 and the First Seminole War. During that time, the Spanish owned Florida, but President Monroe believed that â€Å"the peninsula was a natural appendage to the United States, and†¦hankered to possess it.† After Spain was unable to fulfill Andrew Jackson’s demand that a British-built fort occupied by blacks within the Florida territory be removed, the U.S. built Fort Scott. Using the supply route that Fort Scott created, the U.S. surrounded, sieged, and destroyed the SpanishShow MoreRelatedThe First Seminole War1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Seminole War was the first of three conflicts in the early 19th century that involved the United States Army and the Seminole population in Florida. At the time, Florida was still under the control of Spain. Most of its population consisted of the Seminole Native Americans and African Americans. The dates of the First Seminole War are debated but most believe that it occurre d between 1816 and 1818. This war took place after the War of 1812 and tensions were still high between the UnitedRead MoreAndrew Jackson Racist Ideology Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesgenocide of the Seminole peoples during the First Seminole War. Jackson’s racist perception of the Seminole Indians was the result of his experiences fighting Indians during the Creek War, which resulted in his larger national mandate to remove the Seminole from their land for European settlers to inhabit. The First Seminole war defined the overarching genocide against the Seminole peoples through Jackson’s leadership of the United States Army, which took lands and relocated the Seminole to the interiorRead MoreUS Presidents: Andrew Jackson Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial figures in American history. Many praise him for his role in bringing about popular democracy and individual rights; however, Jackson’s role in the Indian Removal Act, his extreme racism, and his s upport for slavery cause many to question his legacy. Jackson’s involvement in the Seminole Wars is particularly disturbing since he not only authorized but actively encouraged the use of force against the women and children of the Seminole tribe. While Jackson was by no means the first leader to targetRead MoreSignificance Of The Second Seminole War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to understand the significance of the Second Seminole War, one must first examine the First Seminole War. Frustrated with Seminole protection of runaway slaves, Andrew Jackson and more than three thousand men entered northern Florida in 1816 and began to decimate Seminole populations. Despite most of these campaigns being unsanctioned by the United States government and protested by the British and the Spanish, Jackson was received as a war hero throughout the nation. The Adam-Onis Treaty ofRead MoreAndrew Jackson : Conqueror Of Florida1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been built through conquest s and wars due to its rich geography and lands which attracted many powerful nations like Britain and Spain. One of these conquests took place in the nineteenth century where an American general took siege of Florida, a Spanish territory by then. Andrew Jackson was the man whose mission was to seize Florida in the year 1818 after agitations from the various attacks that were carried out by the Seminoles to the American people, the latest being the Fort Scott attackRead MoreThe History of the Seminole War in Florida580 Words   |  2 Pagesthere has been many wars that had taken place. Wars happen because societies can come across conflict, different opinions, or simply people on country may be interested in anothers land or resources. A war that can relate to this is the second Seminole War which first began in the 19th century. This war started because of discrimination over the Native American people and the drive to have them relocate for their land. After many attempts and one war before the second seminole war America realizedRead MoreThe Second Seminole War2447 Words   |  10 PagesThe events leading up to the Second Seminole War remain some of the most perverse and contentious proceedings to have occurred in American history. Between 1819, the ending of the First Seminole War, and 1835, the beginning of the Second, the United States government did everything within its power to not only remove the Natives Americans from its borders, but did so through seditious and deceptive legislature. It was during this time that the expansion of the power of the president and a completeRead MoreContinental Marines Essays1245 Words   |  5 Pagesbranch of the Armed Forces. The first Commandant of the Continental Marines was Captain Samuel Nicholas, who was born in Philadelphia in 1744. He was commissioned to be a â€Å"Captain of Marines† by the 2nd Continental Congress on November 5th 1775. Nicholas soon established Tun Tavern as the recruiting headquarters. Tun Tavern’s owner, Robert Mullen, was so successful at recruiting people into the Marines, that he was commissioned as a Captain and is now known as the first Marine Corps Recruiter. TheRead MoreTrail of Tears: Forceful Removal of Indians in the US837 Words   |  3 PagesThe forceful removal and exodus of thousands of Native Americans from their lands east of the Mississippi River during the 1830s is often called the Trail of Tears. This removal of Native Americans from their lands was a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which was signed by then-President Andrew Jackson one year into his presidency and which President Martin Van Buren ensured was carried out. When Andrew Jackson became President of the United States in 1829, he based his decision of signingRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Champion Of The Common Man892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe War of 1812. With his tremendous popularity as â€Å"war hero,† he subsequently achieved the popular vote and rained down on the nation as the seventh president of the United States, where his fiery nature reflected in his audacious executive decisions and shaped him into one of the most polarizing figures in American history. Although some depict Andrew Jackson as the beloved Champion of the Common Man, his malicious and tyrannical actions as an army general and president reveal the American people

Personal Narrative †Atheist Essay - 1159 Words

Personal Narrative – Atheist I didnt ask for the pastor to come over. I would have much rather been left alone to watch daytime TV. True, I was beginning to feel I little isolated, but some sissy-voiced holy man I hardly knew wasnt going to make me feel any better. But it was standard policy to notify the church when one of its fold has been hospitalized, for prayer requests and all that mush, and when the pastor heard that I was already home, he felt obligated to visit, as if seeing my swollen, drooling face was somehow doing me a favor. If only I could have had the surgery a year ago, when I still believed in God, but the surgeon made me wear these braces first, buying me plenty of time to attend my freshman year of college.†¦show more content†¦But the power of Christ compels me to remember a cold white room where I, wrapped in a cocoon of blankets, lying on a gurney surrounded by medical equipment, was nervously awaiting the anesthesiologist. I must admit I felt a wash of relief when a nun in plain clothes arrived to give the procedure Gods blessing. After the surgery, I noticed a wooden crucifix on the wall of the recovery room. The crucifix had a little featureless brass Jesus that looked like a ghost from where I lay, and when the nurses injected me with the pain killers He would jump from His cross and fly around the room like a candle flame with a mind of its own. Id never had a beef against Jesus. Just like Santa Claus, He was a real person once, and I dont think He expected His life to have impacted the world as much as it did. I mean anyone would be stunned to learn that gun-toting right-wing bullfrog-throated hillbillies were worshipping you almost two thousand years into the future. Jesus was just a simple madman who helped the sick, much like the plainclothes nun, and in the end He was put to sleep like a mad dog. No, it was God that I had the problem with, an insane God who thought that having His Son whacked was the best idea He ever had. The doorbell rang. Mom stuffed the rest of my dirty clothes into the closet, saying That must be him. As she disappeared into the hallway, I quickly grabbed aShow MoreRelatedPolitics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesclass, the latter being a self-professed atheist. Simply put, the professor claimed that it was stupid to believe in God because there was no empirical proof of God. The young man, however, wittily retorts that since the class really had no empirical proof of the professor’s brain, then they really had no business believing him. The same trope is basically used in a more elaborated rendition in the recent Christian film God’s Not Dead (2014). There, an atheist professor challenges a Christian studentRead MoreConflict Is Caused by Fear Essay examples802 Words   |  4 Pagesis a set of dynamics and is rarely one-dimensional, stemming from manifold human fears. The Size of the Sky, by Jenny Pausacker is a narrative that engages an ex cessive diversity of conflict, yet not one of these is physical. This essay will discuss why fear is often the prime instigator of conflict, in particular the fear of losing one’s identity, fear for personal safety that creates conflict and fear from false perceptions. One of the most common fears that surfaces as a cause of conflict isRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin869 Words   |  4 Pagesscope to illustrate the emotional complexity of black life in America. Some parts of the text portray characteristics of a faithful letter while some indicate that Coates is speaking to larger audience. One of the moment which shows that it is a personal letter is revealed after the non-indictment of Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown as Coates addresses his son one on one: â€Å"†¦You stayed up till 11 pm that night, waiting for the announcement of an indictment, and when instead it was announcedRead MoreInspire, The, And Inspire The Believers Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagesthe next issue of Dabiq. The themes of conversion and joining the Islamic State are constant themes. â€Å"How I Came to Islam† and â€Å"Interview† with Abu Sa’d at-Trinidadi are accounts of Christian converts to Islam who have joined th e IS, including personal recollections of the hypocrisy of Christians. Unlike the al-Qaeda magazines, in which many authors who are still alive use pseudonyms, most of the articles in Dabiq do not list an author. The cover story called â€Å"Breaking the Cross,† analyzes theRead MoreEssay on Learning the Hard Way- Personal Narrative538 Words   |  3 PagesLearning the Hard Way- Personal Narrative We live our lives working in order to achieve peace within ourselves, a sense of accomplishment and happiness. The experiences and relationships that we develop along the way help to make us who we are. Weather they are good or bad, we like to believe that knowledge is gained from the people we meet and the decisions made. I have heard it said that it is suppose to be the journey that is truly important in our lives, not theRead MoreMartel s Life Of Pi1879 Words   |  8 Pagesbased on empirical evidence to back up ant claims made. This can be used as an example towards the narrative that uses the notion of belief as being the main focus of the novel rather than it being just religious belief that comes through Life of Pi, where â€Å"Martel gives the reader the democratic choice: the desire to believe rather than the belief itself † (Stephens 41). Martel does not invoke any personal discovery onto Pi while on the lifeboat, there are no longer any discussions about morality. ThoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Frederic Bartlett s Theory1711 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology 4.1 Data The data used for analysis is Richard Dawkins’ polemical book The God Delusion, first published in 2006; and it typically represents the author’s worldview – science-based atheism. Dawkins is a world-known evolutionary biologist and atheist who holds an absolute belief in Darwinism and who categorically despises religion-bound creationism. Analysis will be restricted to the introductory part of Dawkins’ book, that is, its preface. The rationale for this restriction can be ascribed toRead MoreThe Christmas Holiday From The Federal Calendar852 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision and is the driving influence of many countries. â€Å"Beginning in the early 1950s and until the mid-eighties, when American broadcasting fell prey to deregulation and a host of other perils, mainstream Christion denominations often had their own narrative beachhead on weekly television. As mandated by the community service provisions of the Federal Communications Act of 1934 religious themed network series were common† (Cullum 221) In contrast today, there are a couple of networks that are solelyRead MoreMy Journey From Non-Belief To Trenchant Atheism Began With1256 Words   |  6 Pagesthan a force, as a personal, relational God who loves humans. â€Å"It’s not an outlandish idea, even if you yourself don’t believe it.† No, taken in such vague, subjective terms, I suppose it is not outlandish. But believing in some sort of creator, or personal God, is not equivalent in believing in fully fledged Christianity. For instance, the Nicene Creed, or profession of the faith, involves adherence to the virgin birth, the divinity of Jesus, the resurrection/salvation narrative, the holy spiritRead More`` Yellow Wallpaper `` And Susan Glaspell s Trifles1130 Words   |  5 Pagesseverely psychotic breaks from reality. Both women are caught in joyless marriages to insensitive, sometime domineering husbands. Ironically, if each character could have switched places with the other, she would have gotten the stimulus needed for personal growth and happiness. Each main character finds herself in circumstances dictated at least in part by her socio-economic status. The husband and wife in Gilman’s story are upper middle class. Although they have just rented a large estate for

Pangaea the Ancient Supercontinent Free Essays

Pangaea: The Ancient Supercontinent Throughout Earth’s history, fragments of continental crust have floated across the planet’s surface, pushed and pulled by plate tectonic motion. At times in the geologic past, these fragments (what we may now call continents) came together to form one large supercontinent, only to be broken apart once again by tectonic forces. The cycle of supercontinent construction and destruction took hundreds of millions of years. We will write a custom essay sample on Pangaea: the Ancient Supercontinent or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most recently created supercontinent was Pangaea, which came into being about 300 million years ago. Panthalassa, a giant ocean, surrounded it. In just 100 million years, though, Pangaea began to break apart. Tectonic forces created a north-south rift in the super-continent, separating it into two new continents, Laurasia and Gondwanaland. As the new continents separated, the rift filled in with water, eventually becoming the present-day Atlantic Ocean. Laurasia, composed of the present-day continents of Asia, Europe, and North America (Greenland), occupied the northern hemisphere. Gondwanaland, composed of the present-day continents of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and South America, occupied the southern hemisphere. The subcontinent of India was also part of Gondwanaland. By 135 million years ago, the breakup of Laurasia and Gondwanaland was underway, leading to the present-day locations of the continents. The forces that formed Pangaea, then broke it apart, are still at work. North America, South America, and Greenland are all moving westward. Australia, India, and the western part of Africa are all moving northward. Europe and Asia are moving eastward. The Atlantic Ocean is becoming larger, and the Pacific Ocean is becoming smaller. Although impossible to know when, at some point in the future, millions of years from now, the continents may well come together to form yet another super-continent. Beginning some 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) beneath the surface and extending to a depth of 3,960 miles (6,370 kilometers), the very center of the planet, is Earth’s core. Composed of the metal elements iron and nickel, the core has a solid inner portion and a liquid outer portion. Scientists estimate that temperatures in the core exceed 9,900Â °F (5,482Â °C), creating extreme heat energy. Were this energy not released in some manner, Earth’s interior would melt. Circulating currents, called convection currents, carry the energy to the surface of the planet, where it is released. It is the release of this energy underneath the lithosphere that leads to the formation of the major geologic features on the surface of the planet. How to cite Pangaea: the Ancient Supercontinent, Papers

Transitions free essay sample

My dad died when I was ten. That was the first domino to fall. Then my mom took over his business and in her spare time, escaped her accumulating problems by focusing on religion. Since her attention was elsewhere, her six kids had to take care of themselves. We struggled in different ways to overcome the loss of our father and partial loss of our mother. One got depressed; another would find any reason to quarrel; another became quiet. My three-year-old brother tried to cheer us all up, not really knowing why we were sad. I drowned my thoughts in books. I would finish a book, and within two days, pick up a new one. Over time, I began experimenting: jumping through different eras, getting to know significant figures, and experiencing hundreds of different lives. With those lives came important lessons. Lessons no one had taught me. I admired Matilda’s love for knowledge, Sarah Crewe’s self-discipline, Peter Pan’s love for life, Jo March’s want for self-ful fillment, Jane Eyre’s determined virtue, and Oliver Twist’s humbleness. We will write a custom essay sample on Transitions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I began to apply them to my life. I became extra aware of my flaws and tried to fix them. I knew that there wouldn’t be anyone there to tell me what I should and shouldn’t do. Fictional characters with similar challenges became my role models. In the meantime, I saw things my family needed. When one was sick, I would stay up all night with them. When my little brother needed attention, I would delay my homework to play with him. When my little sister needed boy advice, I would listen for hours. When everyone had stayed up at night, I would wake up early and make school lunches; and so on. After a while I forgot that, just like my family, I needed to help myself. To be honest, I’m still transitioning. That is why I’m going to college away from home. I need to find myself. The ‘self’ which can only be found away from my family. Books have taught me that Im ready to live the next chapter of my life.

Report on a Social Business Opportunity

Competition creates interest and ignites curiosity among people. In the pursuit of demand, most of the entrepreneurs strive to gain a competitive advantage over the others to bring in revenues for their company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report on a Social Business Opportunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when it comes to not-for-profit organizations, profits cannot be regarded as the focus of an organization. The main purpose of this report is to introduce my model of fighting with environmental pollution through engaging universities and colleges in competition for the enhancing their loyalty, image, and recognition all over the world. Hence, competition, interest, and ambitions of both educators and students to prove their competency will be the basement for organizing an online web site. Judging from the above-presented report, the target audience will involve a vast group of educators, fac ulties’ managerial staff, students, and other on-campus community. In such a manner, it will be possible to integrate innovative propositions in the shortest possible time because students and educators of one educational establishment will struggle to offer their innovative solutions faster than other educational establishments. What is more important is that students will be more encouraged by their educations to conduct research studies on the environmental problems, particularly on the problem of global climate change and ecological problems. Many environmental problems could also touch on other subject matters, including politics, economics, marketing, culture, and history. Thus, students will be able to widen their knowledge and be more motivated by their grades.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In their turn, educators will develop new programs and reforms on en hancing students’ involvement into active participation in a competition to sustain the respectable image among other colleges and universities. Apart from educational opportunities and option for self-development and growth, students could have an ability to share their experience with other students so as to create a collaborative project on improving environment, reducing waste, and restricting deforestation. Online space, therefore, is a perfect platform for exchanging ideas and contributing to the social welfare of the world community. Hence, the online website acting as a communicational channel between the organization and the environment will meet the requirement of environmental improvement (Bygrave Zacharakis 2008). In particular, the website will contain information about the main scope and objectives of the not-for-profit organization, as well as information about the universities and colleges involved into problem solving. There will also be a page presenting th e information about the establishments whose projects were approved and who became the first-ranked among other listed colleges and universities. Students and educators can freely post their propositions, but those who post similar propositions later will not be considered. In such a way, the competition spirit will be created. The given strategic model has also of risks and challenges that could be overcome gradually. In particular, the website should define strategies to appeal to wider audience and encourage them be creative, enthusiastic, and creative.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report on a Social Business Opportunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to solve this problem, it is possible to conduct an advertising campaign through posting information in famous social networks, including MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter. As soon as the project will be approved, the organization will seek investors and sponsors who will be ready to fund the project accomplishment. Therefore, the given campaign can expand the parties interested in the overall welfare of our planet, as well as increase stability and cooperation all over the world. It also integrate a complex of approaches to developing innovative programs. Reference List Bygrave, WD, Zacharakis, A 2008, Entrepreneurship, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. This essay on Report on a Social Business Opportunity was written and submitted by user Millie Singleton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Common App College Essay Topics For the 2020-2020 Academic Year

Common App College Essay Topics For the 2020-2020 Academic YearCommon App College Essay Topics for the 2020-2020 academic year includes money and education. There are many different areas of study that go into the college education, but they do not have to be overly complex. These tips will help you write a great college essay, regardless of whether you are writing an honors essay, a research essay, or even a college essay topic that is simply meant to fulfill some requirement.One of the best ideas for common app essays is to be specific about the subject that you are going to write about. Most people are able to write a single paragraph about what they believe, and then say 'this is the reason I am choosing to major in this particular subject'. However, it can be difficult to get across the exact idea when you only give one small part of the whole story.Instead, a good tip for college essays is to show how your topics relate to another. The simplest way to do this is to break your t opics down into smaller topics that have something to do with each other. You should also use the same idea or theme within each of these small topic segments.If you choose to write about a single topic, it can be beneficial to choose an easy one. However, don't forget that you should also be as specific as possible about the topic, because there is a big chance that your topic is not unique enough to stand out. It can also be beneficial to choose a topic that you already know a lot about, in order to tie in the two concepts in a unique way.The main ideas that you should be focusing on include that you may be choosing to major in something because you have a passion for it, or because it is something that you will be truly passionate about. On the other hand, you may have chosen a particular subject because it will allow you to do your studies easier, or to be a better student. Whatever the reason is, always remember that you are just scratching the surface of the topic.One final pi ece of advice is to make sure that your writing flows well. The key to this is to ensure that there is a specific style that you have developed that is comfortable with you, without sacrificing the quality of your writing. Many people find that this takes some time to achieve, but once you do it will become second nature to you.Another of the best ideas for common app essays is to choose a topic that you are interested in. Even if you don't know too much about the topic, a small nod toward the topic will allow you to still come across as being knowledgeable. It will be helpful to read articles online, as well as watch videos that will help you understand the topic.Common App College Essay Topics for the 2020-2020 academic year includes ideas such as getting your degree because you love to learn, becoming a great writer, or because it will allow you to be more successful in life. Whatever the reason that you chose to get your degree, it is important to make sure that you use your ski lls in a way that will help others. Although you may be passionate about a particular topic, it will be beneficial to find one that can be expressed using an easier form of language.

Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency

Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency Introduction The purpose of this essay is to examine the empirical studies of the Social Learning Theory on juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency entails the term that is used to explain to young people who have not attained majority age and are involved in committing crimes. Delinquency refers to the failure to follow laws that are set by the state.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the sociological aspect of criminology, social interactions and individualism are the factors behind the juvenile delinquency. Usually, society does not exist as an island but rather different person interacts and this ensures that the society continues to exist. The social interaction theory and juvenile delinquency have been written extensively over the years and the studies have proved to be logically consistent and also useful in providing the empirical support. Thus, the studies play an important role of explaining all the social behaviors without which it is impossible to explain the causes of juvenile delinquency. The empirical studies of the Social Learning Theory on juvenile delinquency helps to provide an insight on the past, present as well as the future of criminology i.e. the study sheds light on the future directions of social interaction theory. The main aim of social interaction theories on juvenile delinquency is to explain how such social influences as religion, family and politics shapes a person over time. The social interaction theories on juvenile delinquency assume that interplay exists between an individual, the environment and delinquent acts. Explanatory concepts of social interaction theories on juvenile delinquency The social interaction theory on juvenile delinquency is comprised of four main explanatory concepts i.e. the differential association theory, definitions theory, imitatio n theory and differential reinforcement theory. Differentiation association theory is a social interaction theory that was formulated by Edwin Sutherland. According to this theory, people develops deviant behaviors by interacting and associating themselves with those who engages themselves in deviant behavior i.e. one can learn positive or negative behavior through interaction. Sutherland in his Differentiation Association Theory argued that juvenile delinquency is caused by observation and social interaction. According to this theory one is deemed to act in a deviant manner as a result of association with group members who favor juvenile delinquency than those members who value the societal norms. This theory, also argues that the familiy unit is the major source of learning behaviors.Thus,if ones’ familiy unit is made up of people who are engaged in deviant behaviors, then one is bound to develop the same kind of behaviors.Advertising Looking for research paper on c riminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also,the theory argues that one learns certain norms and behaviors through the internet, mass media e.t.c. formulating the differential association theory, Sutherland used three concepts i.e. the culture conflict, cultural transmission theory and the ecological transmission theory. The culture conflict concept explains the presence of many crimes in the society and also the progress towards becoming a criminal. Sutherland’s theory is thus important as it helps to explain the juvenile delinquency in the society (Morrison, 1995, P.51). Definitions theory was developed by Aker and it refers to a person’s orientations, explanations, justifications e.t.c. that explains as to whether morally right or incorrect. Definitions theory of juvenile delinquency is thus the process whereby one evaluates the rightfulness or wrongness of a particular action. According to this theory. The law definitions may be specific or general i.e. a person may obey law generally and in turn violate specific provisions of the law. Definitions are comprised of behaviors that are learned as a result of interactions and other societal norms that conforms the delinquent acts. Specific definitions render one to act in a certain manner and the more one learns specific or general attitudes, the higher the chances of engaging in delinquency acts (Krohn et.al. 2009, P.104). Imitations theory of juvenile delinquency refers to the process whereby one imitates behavioral characteristics of others by observing them. The imitation theory of social delinquency was modeled by Gabriel Tarde who a French criminologist.Tarde was held the view that the regional differences that exists in crime rates are as a result of local variations i.e. alcoholism and poverty and not as a result of biological factors. Tarde also argued that juvenile delinquency is a lifestyle that is learned through social i nteraction.Tarde in his imitation laws argued that juvenile delinquency is a function of interacting with people who have deviant behaviors. With this regards, a criminal undergoes through phases of apprenticeship which is similar to that of a lawyer or a doctor. Tarde came up with three laws that provided an account for the imitations and juvenile delinquency. The first imitations law holds that people tends to imitate others when they are near one another. Thus, imitation is eminent in most cities and towns that are densely populated. The second imitation law holds that those people who are inferiors tend to imitate their superiors. With this regards, juvenile delinquency originates from the superiors and later on, descends to lower ranks.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third imitation law by Tarde holds that, it is poss ible to substitute fashions particularly when the two arises at the same time. The imitation theory of juvenile delinquency also held the view that crimes originates in the capital cities. For instance, carjacking, terrorist activities and other major crimes are prevalent in metropolitan cities as opposed to rural areas. Differential reinforcement theory of juvenile delinquency is concerned with the balance that exists between the punishments and rewards that occurs following a particular behavior. This balance plays a vital role in enabling individuals to behave in a particular manner.Thus,the more the rewards for juvenile delinquency, the higher the tendency to commit a crime and vice versa. Reinforcements and punishments can be nonsocial e.g. the direct consequences of alcoholism and drugs abuse. Causal factors of juvenile delinquency The youths use the social interactions among themselves as a means to commit crimes. The social interactions are a concern among many parents as th ey fear that their children may associate themselves in bad company and in turn commit delinquent acts. The social interaction among the deviant youths acts as a means through which the youths influence each other. The social learning theories that are presented by Akers, Sutherland and Marza explain that juvenile delinquencies occur in causal terms. The causal aspects of juvenile delinquency include the individual differences, social structures, cultural factors and social psychological (Burfeind, Bartusch, 2006, P.66).The individual differences includes the psychological and biological factors. Various studies of the social interaction theory on juvenile delinquency reveal that the familiy interaction plays an important role of promoting behaviors among young children. High strictness and low support contributes to juvenile delinquencies i.e. they causes an increase in post-punishment of the acts that were previously forbidden. Personality is interrelated with one’s suscep tibility to reward or punishment and therefore, the extraverts are usually less likely to acquire deviant behaviors. On the other hand, strong conditioning has the effect of causing inhibition of criminal behaviors particularly in environments that encourage juvenile delinquency.Thus,the success of social responsibility and socialized depends is largely dependent on ones’ conditionality. The studies have also considered IQ among offenders be the main reason behind juvenile delinquency (Kim, 2008, P.23). The social factors of juvenile delinquency include the inequalities and opportunities. Poverty and inequality has the effect of frustrating young people and in-turn causing them to engage in criminal activities. This is due to the fact that, they usually feel that inequality exist between what other people have and what the youth believe they ought to have. According to social control theory, delinquency arises when the social bonds are broken.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Travis Hirsch in his analysis came up with four elements of social bonds of an individual i.e. attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. Attachment is made of such aspects as sensitivity and affection for others. According to Travis, commitment included such acts as investing in conventional societies. Involvement entails spending a considerable amount of time on conventional duties whereas the belief is the extent upon which the youths feel they should abide by the laws. According to Hirsch’s ,one is less likely to engage in criminal activities if he or she is strongly attached to the teachers or parents.Also,a child who has dedicated his or her effort and time in schools’ conventional activity is likely to conform and rarely engages in delinquent acts. However,Hirschi used empirical data that was obtained from the adolescents self reports in testing his analysis of juvenile delinquency and this made his work to be considered as unique.Aker also noted that Hirsc h’s’ work was unusual as far as juvenile delinquency is concerned (Sutherland et.al.1992,P.71). The cultural factors that have been considered as risk factors with regards to juvenile delinquency include such aspects as societal norms that promote violence in resolving disputes. Studies that demonstrated the risky factors that cause juvenile delinquency were first conducted in the early 20th century. The research was first done in the analysis by Breckinridge and Abbott in 1922 and later in the analysis by Healy in 1915.However, the research findings by Breckinridge, Abbott and Healy are newly repeated in the analysis by Loeber and Farrington in 1998.Healy in his study argued that juvenile delinquencies begins at childhood i.e. all confirmed delinquents starts their careers in their early years. Healy also noted that the repeated offenders have the greatest impact in the society as a result of their offending frequencies. Healy emphasized on the importance of beginning the treatment at an early period.Afterwards, Loeber and Farrington in their studies argued that juvenile delinquency arises through the interaction of the following factors i.e. individual, contextual, and situational as well as the community factor. They also pointed out that serious juvenile offenders starts to display their juvenile delinquency at childhood and thus there is need for early intervention.However, Loeber and Farrington in their studies contended that the juvenile offenders poses a greater challenge with regards to the juvenile justice policies due to the fact that they are responsible for virtually all the criminal activities in the society (Rosenheim, 2002, P.201-203). Juvenile delinquency and time With regards to the studies of social learning theory on juvenile delinquency history, there is a pattern that is revealed.Thus, the old studies of social learning theory on juvenile delinquency are usually discarded and they are deemed to be inadequate and outdated. Mu ch emphasis is given to new studies due to the reason that crime as well as juvenile delinquency are keep on changing with time.However, this concept is rarely studied systematically and the empirical studies of the social learning theory on juvenile delinquency have suggested that juvenile delinquency does not change with time. Primarily, juvenile delinquency involves property crimes rather than violence and its exhibited by males. Such activities usually start at a very early age and fully peaks at teenage. The delinquent acts are more common in children from poor background and in major cities and towns. As far as many young people engage in juvenile delinquency, only a few of them commits serious offenses regularly. This implies that juvenile delinquency have remained the same over the years (Bruce et.al. 2000, P.422). However, the conceptions regarding juvenile delinquency have greatly changes over the years even though the extent and nature of delinquent behaviors have remaine d them same. The reasons behind juvenile delinquency have largely been attributed the broken social bonds. However, the manner in which the theorists and researchers interpret data concerning the social learning theory on juvenile delinquency has changed (Bruce, et.al. 2000, P.33). Conclusion An empirical study of the social learning theory on juvenile delinquency reveals that several patterns have emerged over the past few years. The conceptions concerning juvenile delinquency have changed in that the past decade has seen criminals using guns in carrying out their criminal activities. There have been changes too regarding the reasons behind juvenile delinquency. The biological aspects such as IQ have however been considered as the main reason behind juvenile delinquency. The empirical study of the social learning theory on juvenile delinquency has found out that delinquent behaviors are strongly linked with family variables. The empirical studies revealed that delinquent behaviors begin at childhood but they have failed to explain the adult outcomes among the offenders. Reference List Bruce, D et.al. (2000). Juvenile delinquency: historical, cultural, and legal  Perspectives. Amststerdam: Elsevier. Burfeind, J. Bartusch, J. (2006). Juvenile delinquency: an integrated  Approach. London: Jones Bartlett Learning. Kim, H. (2008). Juvenile delinquency and youth crime.Hauppauge: Nova Publishers. Krohn, M. et al. (2009). Handbook on Crime and Deviance. Berlin: Springer. Morrison, W. (1995).Theoretical Criminology.London: Routledge. Rosenheim, M. (2002). A century of juvenile justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sutherland, E.et.al. (1992). Principles of Criminology. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield.

How a Forest Ecosystem is Defined

How a Forest Ecosystem is Defined Forest ecosystems are defined by a salient or common set of characteristics that make the forest ecology of a particular area unique. These very complex sets of forest conditions are studied by forest ecologists who try to isolate and classify the common structural patterns that continually reoccur in a particular forests environment. The perfect forest ecosystem is where simpler biotic communities live in the same approximate space with increasingly more complex biotic communities to each communities benefit. In other words, it is where many individual biotic communities symbiotically live in harmony with other biotic communities in perpetuity for the benefit of all neighboring forest organisms. Foresters have developed a somewhat limited classification based on plant climax types, or, the type of vegetative communities that would develop under idealized stable conditions over the long-term. These classifications are then named for the dominant overstory trees and key indicator plant species that live together in the understory. These classifications are necessary in the everyday practice of forest management. So, timber or cover types have been developed by forest scientists and resource managers from extensive sampling within vegetation zones that have similar elevational, topographic, and soil relationships. These forest/tree types have been neatly and nicely mapped for the largest forested areas in North America. Maps of these type classes are also created for single and multiple forests as part of a forest management plan. Unfortunately, these somewhat rudimentary forest ecosystem classifications do not completely define all flora and fauna biology that determine a true but complex forest ecosystem and certainly not the whole ecosystem itself. Forest Ecology Charles Darwin, famous for his Theory of Evolution, came up with a metaphor he called the tree of life. His Tree of Life imagery illustrates that there is but one common biological nature and origin and that all living species experience and must share space together. His enlightened studies ultimately fathered a new science called Ecology - from the Greek oikos meaning household - and following by necessity comes the study of forest ecology. All ecology deals with the organism and its place to live. Forest ecology is an ecological science dedicated to understanding the complete biotic and abiotic systems within a defined woodland area. A forest ecologist has to deal with basic biology and community population dynamics, species biodiversity, environmental interdependence and how they coexist with human pressures including aesthetic preferences and economic necessity. That person also must be trained to understand the nonliving principles of energy flow, water and gas cycles, weather and topographical influences that effect the biotic community. An Example of a Forest Ecosystem We would love to provide you with a neat description of the perfect forest ecosystem. It would be lovely to find forest ecosystems that are cataloged by similarity and nicely listed by region. Alas, ecosystems are dynamic living things and always subject to things like ecological aging, environmental catastrophe and population dynamics. Its like asking a physicist to seamlessly unify everything from the infinitely small to the infinitely large. The problem with defining a forest ecosystem is the variability of its size with a limited understanding of the systems within systems which are extremely complicated. A forest ecologists job is safe. Defining a forests size in a forest ecosystem that covers several states is completely different than one that occupies just several acres. You can readily see that there could be innumerable systems, depending on the definition of parameters and depth of each study. We may never know all there is to complete the study nor gather all the information necessary to our final satisfaction. We end with this definition of a forest ecosystem developed by the Convention of Biological Diversity: A forest ecosystem can be defined at a range of scales. It is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their abiotic environment interacting as a functional unit, where trees are a key component of the system. Humans, with their cultural, economic and environmental needs are an integral part of many forest ecosystems.

Love ----One National Organization to combat Terrorism & Crime---- Assignment

Love ----One National Organization to combat Terrorism & Crime---- - Assignment Example At present, the country is considering the establishment of a national police force that will assist in the fight against terrorism and crime. Terrorism and crime threatens numerous facets of America, including the overall national security and the state of the economy. It has evolved into an increasingly transnational nature, and with the expansion of the internet and more open borders, the country is under attack both internally and externally. Terrorism and crime compromise national security while subsequently weakening the economy. As the years go by, America has been concerned with the increasing interactions between criminals and international terrorists. These expanded links and networks pose a threat to the country and increase its vulnerability to attack by terrorist groups with both financial and criminal capabilities. As a result, the country is debating whether to or not to merge all law enforcement agencies into one police unit that will combat these attacks. The consolidation of various law enforcement agencies into one national police organization may seem like a good idea, but it is not. The proponents argue that a national police force will improve communication and eradicate the confusion that is in the three government police levels, hence creating joint efforts to combat terrorism. However, this is not the solution. Instead, it presents a number of problems that will need to be addressed. The United States is a federation of several self-governing states, each subordinate to the federal government but with the power to formulate and enforce its own laws. Federalism is the foundation of the American government system and the creation of a national police force will not only violate this system, but also prove to be cumbersome and unmanageable. Each law enforcement agency in the United States is different in terms of authority, rules of engagement, training and procedures.

THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION - Essay Example In fact globalization, in the sense of participation of the world communities in exchange of culture, thoughts, theory, and trade has been there for several centuries. Yet the concept of globalization has undergone radical changes in the past century. Now it stands for something more than just the diffusion and osmosis of the economic, social, and political theories, practices, and technologies. Now every country is as much part of globalization as globalization has become a part of every country. Globalization is as much a universal phenomenon as it is an internal phenomenon. It is not only the exchange of knowledge or adoption of better technologies. The meaning of globalization is not only limited to the idea of modernization or imitating a certain culture or practice. Globalization in itself has become a culture in its own rights and it has managed to bring the world closer. Now events happening at a distant geography are part of the local affair of the people. The development of technology has paved the way for this massive spread of cultural and economic activity. The amount and nature of interaction has changed fundamentally in the past century due to the rapid technological advancement that the world has seen. There has been an immense development in the world of technologies. Transport and logistics have developed substantially. The modes of communication have become extremely complex yet the diversity and speed that has been achieved was beyond imagination for the past generations. The entire world has come under a single network, which has facilitated social and cultural exchange, political interaction, and economic participation to a large extent (Globalization, n.d.). Free trade as a mode of development has gained wide popularity in the context of globalization and the volume of trade in the world is huge. The global market has become a very important force for the economic development of any country and all the countries is in the world are expose d to a certain extent or the other to the climate of the global market. The global markets have a tremendous influence on the financial status and the economic policies of a country. Therefore the sovereign states have to consider the global scenario during the construction of their economic plans. The emergence of advanced transport and communication system has revolutionized the factor markets. The factors of production are now able to transcend the geographical and political borders of a country at ease. This has made the nations follow the terms of the global markets and the supremacy of the nation states has given way to the domination of a handful of enterprises called the transnational corporations. Globalization has also led to the transformation of the multinational corporations to transnational corporations. These transnational corporations have become one of the major players of the global economy. They control a large chunk of the global markets. However their management and capital are not tied to any country. They are managed internationally, from various parts of the world wherever they have a location advantage. Similarly they can also shift their capital and other factors to places where they can have a factor market advantage. Therefore their production and marketing strategies adopt a global perspective. The transnational corporations therefore cater to the global market by operating globally.

Examples of Displacement in Literature

Examples of Displacement in Literature Place and displacement are always featured in post-colonial writings, whether its Derek Walcotts poem A far cry from Africa or powerful novels for example Heart of Darkness. This feature opens up a broader concept where post-colonial crisis of individuality comes into reality. When a novel carries elements of place and displacement, the theme of alienation is always reflected, this originates from a sense of displacement. The sense of displacement may have derived from migration, enslavement or even alterity which may be put forward by similarities or differences between different cultures. This concept was heavily reflected in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih. Both writers seem to be telling a tale about colonisation with their own interpretation of different experiences. Salihs novel revolves around the story of brilliant Mustafa Saeed, the novel indicates journey to the heart of light. Whereas, Conrads novel is a complete rever sal to Kurtzs journey to Congo and connotes a journey to heart of darkness. Both novels focus on geographical locations which have in some way shaped the individuals in the novel and perceived their emotions such of loathing and despair. It seems that both writers are searching for a true identity and avoiding the conflicts of other cultures. Their search is in the end a pointless and time wasting experience; nevertheless their experience of colonialism was all about corruption and greed. The concept of displacement is discovered by us (the readers) when Conrad instigated racism towards the Africans which was quite transparent. In contrast, Salih bravely expressed himself being misogynist, which is rather controversial in todays society-since men and women come across as being equal. The representation of the two continents in these novels is displayed in diverse ways to each other. In Conrads novel, the narrator expresses his opinion of River Thames being mournful gloom, brooding motionless. His description of England but darkness was here yesterday clearly reflects Conrads view as to how Romans once colonised England. The description gives an impression of England being wild: Here and there a military camp lost in a wilderness like a needle in a bundle of hay-cold, fog, tempests, disease, exile and death- death skulking in the air, in the water, in the bush. The metaphor is cleverly used here for camps being lost and its impossible to find them because of fog and exile. Here we discover Conrads first description of displacement from the evidence (as stated above). When Romans first arrived, England was seen as a displacement for people living there. In contrast Tayeb Salihs narrator describes Europe (where he studies) thus: I had lost for a time in a land whose fishes die of the cold. This clearly evokes a feeling of displacement he felt when he was in Europe-the feeling and emotions he got when he came back are complete reversal and it was an extraordinary moment of feeling for Europe. Later in the novel we come across the narrators feeling of alienation which evoked from displacement the trial into a conflict between two worlds, a struggle of which I was one of the victims. Here the narrator seems to be tied up between two worlds and trying to suggest that where he studied (Europe) is a different world to where he was born; his village. However, when he returns to his village, he seems to remember Europe, one possible reason could be he becomes attached to that world. This is quite evident in the novel I am from here- is not this reality enough?. I used to treasure within me the image of this little village, seeing it wherever I went with the eye of my imagination. Earlier in the novel his description of the village has drastically changed, because of the experiences that he came across in the village Over there is like here, neither better nor worse the narrator seems to come to a conclusion that world is the same theres no difference Europe is the same as his village. The concept of European being the dominant and powerful one is established in Edward Saids Orientalism (Is knowledge based idea in particular knowledgeknowlege and ideasisead of Asian cultures andnad languages.) In his book Said presents an argument argue of East being generated by western/European scholars who represent those cultures from a colonial point of view. Salih gives an impression of Africa is what Europeans make it. Which I think is a valid impression and its clearly evident in Conrads novel: They [the slaves] were dying slowly it was very clear. They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now inefficient, and were then allowed to crawl away and rest. These moribund shapes - Marlows description of African men and they are not treated humanely, thus Marlow describes them as less human. In one of his chapter he brilliantly says Orientalism was ultimately a political vision of reality whose structure promoted the difference between the familiar (Europe, West, us) and the strange (the Orient, the East, them). This is true to an extent if we base it upon both novels. When featuring the element of place and displacement in a colonial novel, it is always essential that the values of the place are considered; what effect do those values have on the character. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad mainly presents the values of Africa through the character and what view does the narrator have. In chapter one Conrad presents the narrators view of Africa They were dying slowly-it was very clearnothing but black shadows of disease and starvation (pg20). The whole passage gives an impression of African men as than human, as they the are mistreated and overworked slaves. Similar approachapproch is also seen further in the novel He was usefulthe evil spirit inside the boiler will get angrySo he sweated and fired up and watched the glass fearfully (pg 45). In this passage Conrads narrator, Marlow still doesnt consider them equally and compares them with animals a dog in a parody. The reason being for this is the man had no knowledgeknowlege of machinerymachinary bec ause for them its something new, thus they are dependent on thethr white men to train them. The white man took takes advantage of their lack of capacitycapcity and scares him by referringreferrring to the evil spirit. Not only the narrator in The Heart of Darkness doesnt respect the values of Africa nor the natives living there, the character of Kurtz, who is portrayed as a powerful, corrupt man, takes full advantage of these less capable men and treats them as slaves. Kurtz doesnt respect the Africans and treats them like childrenchidren who needs correction or help with anything He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived atBy simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good (pg 61). Kurtz got the idea that before he went to Africa, the natives were living as uncivilised people which was then corruptedcorrpted by Kurtzs mission. On another surface level Kurtz, this wrotewuote also gives an impression of him believes that white men can revolutionisedrevolutioned Africa and bring goodness to the country as well as making African men more capable. Thus the Africans will see the white men as Gods showing them the path, which they will follow. Conrad seems to dismissdimiss the values of Africa and thus portrays the role of white men ruling over Africans at the time of when the novel was written. Africans were treated as slaves by the Europeans and white race at the time of slavery and the periodperoid of slavery was started long ago, during the 15th century. Throughout the novel Conrad refers to the natives as Savages, which shows his brutality towards them. This approachapproch was very evident in the novel when he refers to the Africans as Well if a lot of mysterious niggers armed with all kinds of fearful weapons (pg 23), another example unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole. (pg 24) Both these quotes are very harsh and suggest that Conrad is being very racist towards the Africans. At the time, native Africansafricans were used to hearing such insulting names and because they werent treated equally as white men, this made them more weaker and less capable to stand for their self. Furthermorethemsel ves. Furtehrmore, the audience wouldnt find this racist besides England would expect something far more racism than this, as they ruled over them for hundredshunderds of years. This issue was consideredcondidered by many African Professors and one of the most effective approachesapproch to Conrads racism was seen by Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist and professor of African Literature. Achebe called Joseph Conrad a bloody racist (Knowles Moore 299), which he moderated in later printed versions to a thoroughgoing racist (Image 257). His view is contradictory, as some would agree with him. Simply because Conrad was very direct when he was referring to the Africans with the racist word, from the point of view of Africans he would definitelydefinately be classed as a racist. Achebe also said in his lecture that Marlow represents Africans as a part of the wilder- ness. He reduces them to fragmented body parts, limbs or rolling eyes (254). On the other hand, Marlow finds that an African who does something more than materializematerialise out of the evil jungle to scare him resembles a dog in a parody of breeches (Heart 38; Image 254). To an extent his argumentsar ugemts are clearly valid ones, the image of Africans portrayedportaryed by Conrad is very brutal and showssowss the narrators hostilityhostality towards Africans. On the other hand, from the point of view of Europeans Conrad would bebeen seen as racist. They would argue argure that Conrad only portrayed the events that occurredoccured during the time and at that time people wouldnt consider this as racism. However, from a point of view of 21st century generation, this would be considered as racism, such deference is more serious and sensitive;, people would be more careful and consider the affect of the word before saying it. In Salihs novel, Season of Migration to the North deals withiwth the values and culture of Sudan and how the narratornarrotor and other characterschracters develop their connection with the country they were born in. In the novel, Salih presents the NorthernNothern and Southern Sudan as very different to each other. The Northern Sudan is modernizedmordernised, in that theretheere are many facilities such afacelities sucha s hospitals, schools and other modern infrastructures. Thismordern indrsstructures. Which is contrasted with the narrators village in SouthernSouthewrn Sudan, where theres hardly a school for children. This conflict of Sudan is reflectedrefelcted in the novel by TayebTayed Salih and the novel givens an impression of traditional tradional Sudanese values being replaced by materialistic things and technology. Furthermore, in 1956 Sudan gained its independence and tension was on its peak between the north and the south due to differencesdiffernces in religion and ethnicity. In 1983, the war brakes out againagin between the Muslim north and Christian south. Now the Southern SudaneseSudanease have gained their independence and are allowed to choose between unity and secession. The second narrator, Mustafa Saeed like the first narrator feels alienatedaliented when hes in Europe to complete his study and I, over and above everything else, am a colonizer, I am the intruder whose fate must be decided (pg 94) like the narrator, Mustafa Saeeds comment evokes a feeling of displacement. This raises an argument that is Europe a hostile place for anyone like the narrator and Mustafa Saeed or whether its just your personal experience. ReferringReferrring to the values Sudan, Salih clearly reflectsreflets these values and tradition through the characters. Mustafa SaeedsSaeeds wife Hosna portraysportays the character of typical loyal wife, who keeps the tradition of a Muslimmuslim wife After Mustafa Saeed, she answered with a decisiveness that astonished me, I shall go to no man . Her character is completelycompletly opposite to Jean Morris, to whom Mustafa Saeed married and then killed her. Her character reflectsreflecst the values and culture of England or what he sees in her I was pleased she laughed so freely. Such a woman- there are many of her types in Europe- knows no fear; they accept life with gaiety and curiosity. And I am a thirsty desert, a wilderness of southernsourthern desires. This statement stereotypes the women and the way they approach men and Mustafa Saeed gives an impression of women being objectsojects in his eyes. Thus he compares himself to a prey, on a look out for any women. Furthermore, h es suggesting that he comes from a place which wild and full of desires and in this case his desires are sexual ones. These two women are complete reversal to each other, one is loyal portraysportays the value of Sudan and other portrays the careless European woman. The values of Europe are very differentdiffernt to Sudan, however it doesnt seem to be affecting Mustafa Saeed and yet he goes further with his desires. Frantz Fanons Black skin White masks is about the search of true identity, race and skin color.colour. There is a fact: White men consider themselves superior to black men. There is another fact: Black men want to prove to white men, at all costs, the richness of their thought, the equal value of their intellect. In his book he presents his personal experience and comments on other theories of psychologists.psychiologists. Fanon presented the idea that a person is criticizedcritised because of their native culture, they then become victims of inferiority complex, when they are put in the middle of a superior culture. Thus he believesbelievs that black men have to adopt white masks in order to become part of the superior culture. According to him, the best way to achieve this is to speak the language of that culture and by speaking the language, you need to understand the values and adopt the culture.cultre. So did Mustafa Saeed put on a white mask? To an extent, its its clearly evide nt from his desires which are not the values of Sudan. It seems that Mustafa Saeed valued the white culture so much above his original culture. However, this is arguable, as he might be trying to become part of what he believesbeleives a superior culture; thus he adopts its its language as well as culture. Next point: Marlow similarly adopts the culture of Africa or Kurtzs. Like Kurtz at the end he becomes corrupted and lies. Structure, language, form used in HOD and SOM to create effect Critical conclusion on both novels/or any parallelsparalells